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Ethanopharmacological Importance: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd (AG), belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used as a spice and condiment in various culinary preparations of Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. It has been also used as a key ingredient in various traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of throat infection, asthma, urinary ailments, inflammation and rheumatism amongst other conditions. AG is widely used as a functional food and included in various preparations to obtain its nutraceutical and pharmacological benefits of its phytoconstituents such as phenyl propanoids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Over the past decades, several researchers have carried out systematic investigation on various parts of AG. Numerous studies on AG rhizomes have shown positive pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipsoriasis, antiallergic, neuroprotective and thermogenesis. Till date, no comprehensive review summarizing the exploitation of AG into nanomedicine has been published.
Aim Of The Review: This comprehensive review aims to briefly discuss cultivation methods, propagation techniques, extraction processes for AG. The ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activities of AG extracts and its isolates are discussed in detail which may contribute well in further development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) i.e. future nanomedicine.
Materials And Methods: Information about AG was collected using search engine tools such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patent, Web of Science and bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed review articles and research works were explored. The obtained data sets were sequentially arranged for better understanding of AG's potential.
Results: More advanced genetic engineering techniques have been utilized in cultivation and propagation of AG for obtaining better yield. Extraction, isolation and characterization techniques have reported numerous phytoconstituents which are chemically phenolic compounds (phenyl propanoids, flavonoids, chalcones, lignans) and terpenes. Ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activity of AG are explored in numerous ailments, their mechanism of action and its further potential to explore into novel drug delivery system are also highlighted.
Conclusions: The review highlights the importance of plant tissue culture in increasing the production of AG plantlets and rhizomes. It was understood from the review that AG and its phytoconstituents possess numerous pharmacological activities and have been explored for the treatment of cancer, microbial infection, gastrointestinal disorders, neuroprotective effects, obesity and skin disorders. However, the use of AG as alternative medicine is limited owing to poor solubility of its bioactive components and their instability. To overcome these challenges, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been utilized and found good success in overcoming its aforementioned challenges. Furthermore, efforts are required towards development of scalable, non-toxic and stable NDDS of AG and/or its bioactives.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144 | DOI Listing |
Front Public Health
December 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: is a transmitted respiratory pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in children, especially those under 5 years of age. During the implementation of population control measures for COVID-19 in mainland China, the detection rate in pediatric patients decreased. However, with the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022), the incidence of pneumococcal disease (PD) and even invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) began to rise again.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Asthma, is a common, significant and diverse condition marked by persistent airway inflammation, with a major impact on human health worldwide. The predisposing factors for asthma are complex and widespread. The beneficial effects of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in asthma have increasingly attracted attention recently.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background: Previous studies primarily focused on the effects of ALT and virology, but there is a lack of research on the correlations of HBcrAg and pgRNA, two novel virologic markers, with immunological parameters in pregnant women with CHB undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 28 HBeAg-positive pregnant women with CHB undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention. Clinical data, virological markers (HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcrAg and pgRNA) and 28 cytokines were detected at three time points: 24-28 weeks gestation (before prophylactic antiviral intervention), near birth and within 3 months postpartum.
J Inflamm Res
December 2024
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Severe burns result in significant skin damage, impairing its primary role as an infection barrier and presenting substantial treatment challenges. Despite improvements in the treatment of burn patients due to advancements in materials and techniques, there remains a need for novel therapeutic approaches to enhance burn prognosis further.
Patients And Methods: Several types of genomic methods are used in this study, such as differential gene expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), machine learning, and Mendelian randomization (MR), to find genes that are linked to severe burns and create a diagnostic nomogram to see how well these genes can predict severe burns.
World J Clin Oncol
December 2024
Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larisa GR41334, Thessalía, Greece.
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, ranking seventh in incidence and sixth cancer-related deaths globally. EC is classified in two main types, the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), with ESCC being more common in Eastern Europe, South Asia, and Africa, while EAC is prevalent in Western Europe and North America. Molecular analysis identifies three subgroups of ESCC, each with distinct genetic mutations and treatment responses.
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