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Knowing the abundance of a population is a crucial component to assess its conservation status and develop effective conservation plans. For most cetaceans, abundance estimation is difficult given their cryptic and mobile nature, especially when the population is small and has a transnational distribution. In the Baltic Sea, the number of harbour porpoises () has collapsed since the mid-20th century and the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN and HELCOM; however, its abundance remains unknown. Here, one of the largest ever passive acoustic monitoring studies was carried out by eight Baltic Sea nations to estimate the abundance of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise for the first time. By logging porpoise echolocation signals at 298 stations during May 2011-April 2013, calibrating the loggers' spatial detection performance at sea, and measuring the click rate of tagged individuals, we estimated an abundance of 71-1105 individuals (95% CI, point estimate 491) during May-October within the population's proposed management border. The small abundance estimate strongly supports that the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is facing an extremely high risk of extinction, and highlights the need for immediate and efficient conservation actions through international cooperation. It also provides a starting point in monitoring the trend of the population abundance to evaluate the effectiveness of management measures and determine its interactions with the larger neighboring Belt Sea population. Further, we offer evidence that design-based passive acoustic monitoring can generate reliable estimates of the abundance of rare and cryptic animal populations across large spatial scales.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8858216 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8554 | DOI Listing |
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- The article DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70156 was found to contain errors that needed correction.
- This correction aims to improve the accuracy and clarity of the information presented.
- Readers should refer to the updated version for the most reliable data and findings.
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September 2024
Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Warsaw Poland.
Article Synopsis
- The Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population, listed as Critically Endangered since 2008, remains at risk despite existing conservation policies aimed at its protection.
- Urgent management actions are necessary due to high anthropogenic mortality, contamination, reduced prey availability, and increased underwater noise, which threaten the population's survival.
- Recommendations include minimizing bycatch and underwater explosions, regulating contaminants, ensuring sustainable fisheries management, and expanding stranding networks to gather more data on the population's health and genetics.
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