Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) posed a major hazard to microbial community in river sediments, but the way how different kinds of microorganisms responses to elements pollution has not been clearly understood. The target of this research was to discriminate the apposite indicators for diagnosing elements pollution based on the sensitivity of microbial abundance, biodiversity, predicted metabolic functions to PTEs (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, As and Hg). Considering Huaihe River Basin as the main subject, sediment samples were gathered from 135 sites. Ni, Zn and Cd significantly influenced the microbial communities and predicted functions. In general, the microbial sensitivity to PTEs was bacteria > archaea. Geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk (PER) index suggested Hg and Cd were the significant contaminates and posed the most serious ecological risk in sediments. Structural Equation Model identified the bioindicators 1/nitrate reduction and rara taxa (Azoarcus) as reflect and speculate Hg and Cd pollution, respectively. PER was predicted by 1/nitrate reduction and rare taxa (Phaeodactylibacter and Illumatobacter). Results elucidated the rather role of rare taxa in indicating PTEs pollution. The findings contributed to provide useful reference for bioremediation of contaminated sediments under PTEs stress.
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