Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global disease its rates are increasing worldwide. CKD is caused by injuries to kidney tissue that exceeds the rate of regeneration, which with time lead to irreversible renal damage and CKD become evident. In females, diminished estrogen supply in the postmenopausal period is associated with greater risk for developing CKD. In this study we isolated exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) and tested their therapeutic effects on post-menopause CKD (PM-CKD) and compared their effects with BM-MSCs. The menopause model was achieved by bilateral ovariectomy in 8-months-old female albino rats, then no treatment, 2 million BM-MSCs or 100 μg of exosomes (Exo) was given intravenously in tail vein to ovariectomized rats and the study continued for 8 weeks post-ovariectomy. Changes in weight, urine volume, urine protein content, kidney function biochemical parameters (creatinine and BUN), Kidney oxidative stress (MDA), kidney antioxidant parameters (SOD, GPx and CAT), histopathological changes, immunohistochemical expression of KIM-1 and, finally, genes related to renal damage (peroxiredoxin-3, KIM-1 and ICAM-1) and inflammation (TNF-α, Cox2 and IL-6) were recorded for all study groups. Post-ovariectomy there was an increased body weight, drastic reduction of estrogen and progesterone levels, reduced urine output, increased urinary protein excretion, elevated serum creatinine and BUN, increased MDA and reduced GPx SOD, and CAT in kidney tissue, chronic inflammation, degenerative and fibrotic lesions in histopathological examination, high expression of KIM-1 immunohistochemically and changes in gene expression analyses all pointing to the development of CKD in the study rats. In the PM-CKD groups receiving BM-MSCs or Exo, the whole chronic inflammatory picture was completely reversed towards a much normal kidney structure and function. The improvements were more observable with Exo compared to BM-MSCs. Overall, our results show for the first time that exosomes isolated from BM-MSCs are more potent in reducing chronic inflammatory changes in the kidney of postmenopausal females compared to the cell-based approach using BM-MSCs. Therefore, MSCs-derived exosomes are a promising therapeutic approach for preserving postmenopausal kidney structure and function and, subsequently, should improve the quality of life of postmenopausal females.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.024 | DOI Listing |
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603 Binzhou, Shandong, China.
Background: Cellular vacuolization is a commonly observed phenomenon under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying vacuole formation remain largely unresolved.
Methods: LysoTracker Deep Red probes and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged light chain 3B (LC3B) plasmids were employed to differentiate the types of massive vacuoles.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: We investigated chitosan's protective effects against tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)-induced toxicity in adult male rats, focusing on cognitive functions and oxidative stress in the brain, liver, and kidneys.
Methods: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 8/group): (1) Control, (2) Chitosan only, (3) TBHQ only, and (4) Chitosan + TBHQ.
Results: TBHQ exposure led to significant cognitive impairments and increased oxidative stress, marked by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Sulfatides or 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide are negatively charged sulfated glycosphingolipids abundant in the brain and kidneys and play crucial roles in nerve impulse conduction and urinary pH regulation. Sulfatides are present in the liver, specifically in the biliary tract. Sulfatides are self-lipid antigens presented by cholangiocytes to activate cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d)-restricted type II natural killer T (NKT) cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Hosp Med (Lond)
January 2025
Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is an effective tool for identifying malnutrition, and helps monitor the prognosis of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. However, the association between the GNRI and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation of the GNRI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Hosp Med (Lond)
January 2025
Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Patients receiving kidney transplant experience immunosuppression, which increases the risk of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Q fever is a potentially fatal infectious disease that affects immunocompromised renal transplant recipients and has implications in terms of severe consequences for the donor's kidney. A patient with acute Q fever infection following kidney transplantation was admitted to the Tsinghua Changgung Hospital in Beijing, China, in March 2021.
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