Purpose Of Review: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and heterogeneous malignancy of secretory glands. Recurrence after curative-intent treatment is common, and approximately 40% of patients develop metastatic disease, for which consensus is lacking regarding therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the available therapies for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) ACC and offer our perspectives on future treatment options.
Recent Findings: Proteogenomic studies of ACC revealed two molecular subtypes with therapeutic implications: ACC-I (37% of cases) and ACC-II (63%); each has distinct disease biology and prognosis. Molecular drivers, such as NOTCH1, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for ACC-I and are being explored in clinical trials. Despite its biological heterogeneity, treatment for R/M ACC is not personalized and limited to cytotoxic agents and VEGFR inhibitors, which produce modest responses and significant toxicity. The increasing understanding of ACC's molecular biology might guide the development of biomarkers for patient selection and new therapies development.
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- Adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) of salivary gland origin are primarily defined by the presence of specific gene fusions, notably MYB::NFIB and MYBL1::NFIB, with sinonasal AdCC being particularly aggressive and lacking effective treatments.
- Researchers conducted an extensive analysis of 88 sinonasal AdCC cases using various techniques like NGS and FISH to identify gene fusions and mutations, finding that the majority harbored canonical fusions while some had noncanonical ones, with a few tumors showing no fusions at all.
- Mutational analysis revealed that about 68% of AdCCs tested (21 out of 31) had mutations in key oncogenes, highlighting potential areas for targeted
Retraction of: CCNA2 and KIF23 are molecular targets for the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China.
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