Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle, genetic background, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, age, etc. contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease. Inflammation plays an important role in coronary artery disease development and progression. Pro-inflammatory signals promote the degradation of tryptophan the kynurenine pathway resulting in the formation of several immunomodulatory metabolites. An unbalanced kynurenic pathway has been implicated in the pathomechanisms of various diseases including CAD. Significant improvements in detection methods in the last decades may allow simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and such a thorough analysis of the kynurenine pathway may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and determination of CAD prognosis. Nevertheless, imbalance in the activities of different branches of the kynurenine pathway may require careful interpretation. In this review, we aim to summarize clinical evidence supporting a possible use of kynurenine pathway metabolites as clinical biomarkers in various manifestations of CAD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8861075 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.768560 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Interaction and regulation of the mitochondrial proteome - in health and disease.
Expert Rev Proteomics
January 2025
Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Introduction: Mitochondria contain multiple pathways including energy metabolism and several signaling and synthetic pathways. Mitochondrial proteomics is highly valuable for studying diseases including inherited metabolic disorders, complex and common disorders like neurodegeneration, diabetes and cancer, since they all to some degree have mitochondrial underpinnings.
Areas Covered: The main mitochondrial functions and pathways are outlined and systematic protein lists are presented.
Constitutive loss of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase changes circulating kynurenine metabolites without affecting systemic energy metabolism.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation with opposing biological activities in the central nervous system. In the periphery, KYNA is known to positively affect metabolic health, whereas the effects of QUIN remain less explored. Interestingly, metabolic stressors, including exercise and obesity, differentially change the balance between circulating KYNA and QUIN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Is a Novel Gene Involved in Proper Physiological Functions of Pancreatic β-Cells.
Cells
January 2025
Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
The Kynurenine pathway is crucial in metabolizing dietary tryptophan into bioactive compounds known as kynurenines, which have been linked to glucose homeostasis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently emerged as the endogenous receptor for the kynurenine metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA). However, the specific role of AhR in pancreatic β-cells remains largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut-derived lactic acid enhances tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptamine in regulation of anxiety via .
Gut Microbes
December 2025
MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in anxiety regulation through pathways involving neurotransmitter production, immune signaling, and metabolic interactions. Among these, gut-derived serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), synthesized from tryptophan metabolism, has been identified as a key mediator. However, it remains unclear whether specific microbial factors regulate tryptophan metabolism to influence 5-HT production and anxiety regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysregulated tryptophan metabolism contributes to metabolic syndrome in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.
BMC Endocr Disord
January 2025
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
Background: As the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) rises among older adults, the associated risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes significantly increase, and it is closely linked to various metabolic processes in the body. Dysregulation of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, particularly alterations in the kynurenine (KYN) and serotonin pathways, has been linked to the onset of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, key contributors to the development of MetS. We aim to investigate the relationship between the TRP metabolites and the risk of MetS in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!