Scattering of partially coherent vortex beam by rough surface in atmospheric turbulence.

A double-passage propagation model of partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in turbulent atmosphere after scattering from Gaussian rough surfaces was formulated. Rough surface scattering had a weak effect on the spreading of a vortex beam in turbulent atmosphere. However, it severely influenced the phase on this beam, rapidly reducing the original OAM mode's relative intensity. The OAM spectrum information is more useful than the intensity information for rough surface object remote sensing. Additionally, by comparing the scattering intensity in monostatic and bistatic systems, the enhanced backscatter of vortex beams from Gaussian rough surfaces was verified.