When measuring surfaces it is always a challenge to differentiate whether differences to the expected form originate from positioning errors or from surface errors. In interferometry it is common to subtract tilt and power terms from the measurement result to remove misalignment contributions. This is a suitable approximation for spherical surfaces with small NA. For high NAs and increasing deviations from a spherical shape, which applies to aspheres and freeforms, additional terms show increasing magnitudes. A residual error remains after subtraction of tilt and power. Its form depends on the surface's nominal shape and oftentimes has a non-negligible magnitude, therefore imposing the risk of being misinterpreted as topography error.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.443420 | DOI Listing |
Purpose: To present a new approach to customized treatments that inherently saves tissue by design, especially for pathological corneas.
Methods: From the elevation of the anterior cornea and the refractive error of the eye, the target cornea can be calculated and the difference between actual and target cornea corresponds to the tissue to be removed. In this approach, it is further possible to preset the ablation depth at one (Model 1) or two (Models 2 and 3) particular locations.
Ultra-precision imaging systems support cutting-edge scientific exploration and technological innovation. The continuous development of optical freeform and aspheric surface technology offers new possibilities for high-performance optical systems but also presents significant manufacturing challenges. In this paper, we derive and discuss in detail the impact of surface manufacturing errors on the image point positions of optical systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtremely high accuracy is demanded for optics working at very short wavelength. Interferometric testing of optical aspheres or freeform surfaces requires null optics, typically computer-generated holograms (CGHs), to balance the wave aberrations. The measurement uncertainty is primarily limited by the accuracy of the test wavefront, which is predominantly influenced by the CGH and the interferometer optics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
July 2024
The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Reimaging telescopes have an accessible exit pupil that facilitates stray light mitigation and matching to auxiliary optical systems. Freeform surfaces present the opportunity for unobscured reflective systems to be folded into geometries that are otherwise impracticable with conventional surface types. It is critical, however, to understand the limitations of the enabled folding geometries and choose the one that best balances the optical performance and mechanical requirements.
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