Consistency of word production contributes to carers' ability to understand children's speech. Reports of the proportion of words produced consistently by typically developing preschool children, however, vary widely from 17% to 87%. This paper examines the quantitative (consistency count) and qualitative (e.g. phonemic analysis) characteristics of word consistency in 96 children aged 36-60 months. Children named 15 pictures twice, in separate trials, in the same assessment session. The mean consistency of the production for the whole group was 82%. Older children were more consistent than younger children. Girls were more consistent than boys. Words produced correctly in one trial and in error in another may indicate resolving error patterns. Words produced in error in two different ways provided useful evidence about the nature of inconsistent word production in typically developing children. The clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Res Involv Engagem
January 2025
Kent Community NHS Foundation Trust, Trinity House, 110-120, Upper Pemberton, Ashford, Kent, TN25 4AZ, England.
Background: The National Institute of Health and Social Care (NIHR) Research Champion (RC) role, has grown over the last few years. This public contributor role was designed to engage and involve patients and the public in health and care research within the NHS. Yet, there has been little focus on how it is working and experienced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the widespread use of social media platforms has facilitated the dissemination of information, fake news, and propaganda, serving as a vital source of self-reported symptoms related to Covid-19. Existing graph-based models, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), have achieved notable success in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, utilizing GNN-based models for propaganda detection remains challenging because of the challenges related to mining distinct word interactions and storing nonconsecutive and broad contextual data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Purpose: This study investigates how Mandarin-English bilingual students in Canada produce Mandarin tones and how this is influenced by factors such as tone complexity, cross-linguistic influences, and speech input.
Method: Participants were 82 students enrolled in a Chinese bilingual program in Western Canada. Students were recruited from Grades 1, 3, and 5 and divided into two groups based on their home language backgrounds: The heritage language group had early and strong input in Mandarin, and the second language (L2) group received mostly English input at home.
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet
January 2025
GeneDx LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Given the overwhelming volume of medical information, medical guidelines play a key role in informing clinicians and payors and guidelines directly affect how patients, and their families will be treated. In this review, we describe the production cycle of international guidelines for Turner syndrome (TS) and promote the timely and proactive dissemination of these guidelines. We encourage deliberate adoption of an updated standard of care by providers, payors, patients and their families, and professional organizations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cogn
January 2025
Department of Humanities, University of Trento, via Tommaso Gar 14, 38122, Trento, Italy.
The productive use of morphological information is considered one of the possible ways in which speakers of a language understand and learn unknown words. In the present study we investigate if, and how, also adult L2 learners exploit morphological information to process unknown words by analyzing the impact of language proficiency in the processing of novel derivations. Italian L2 learners, divided into three proficiency groups, participated in a lexical decision where pseudo-words could embed existing stems (e.
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