Vertebral Artery Tortuosity and Morphometric Characteristics of Patients with Recurrent Cervical Artery Dissection.

Background: Cervical Artery Dissection is an important cause of stroke in the young. Data on incidence and associations of recurrence in patients with cervical artery dissection are lacking. Increased Vertebral Artery Tortuosity Index has been reported in patients with cervical artery dissection and associated with earlier age of arterial dissection in patients with connective tissue disease.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that increased vertebral artery tortuosity is associated with recurrent cervical artery dissection.

Methods: We reviewed data from a single-center registry of cervical artery dissection patients enrolled between 2011-2021. CT angiography was reviewed for neck length, vertebral artery dominance, and vertebral artery tortuosity index. Incidence rate of recurrent dissection was calculated using Poisson regression. Differences between groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Fisher's exact test.

Results: The cohort included 155 patients: women (56%), mean (SD) age 42 (±10) years, and 116 single and 39 multiple artery dissections. Eleven (7.1%) had a recurrence with an incidence rate (95% CI) of 1.91 (1.06, 3.44) per 100 person-years. Vertebral artery tortuosity did not differ significantly between single and recurrent groups (median (IQR) 46.81 (40.85, 53.91) vs 44.97 (40.68, 50.62) p = 0.388). Morphometric characteristics of height, neck length, and BMI were not associated with recurrence. There was no difference in vertebral artery tortuosity by dissection location (carotid vs vertebral).

Conclusion: In this single center cohort of patients with cervical artery dissection, there was no difference in VTI between single and recurrent groups.