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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.673 | DOI Listing |
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Mechanisms of Rhodopsin-Related Inherited Retinal Degeneration and Pharmacological Treatment Strategies.
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Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary disease characterized by progressive vision loss ultimately leading to blindness. This condition is initiated by mutations in genes expressed in retinal cells, resulting in the degeneration of rod photoreceptors, which is subsequently followed by the loss of cone photoreceptors. Mutations in various genes expressed in the retina are associated with RP.
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Cell Syst
December 2024
The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address:
Deep learning is a promising strategy for modeling cis-regulatory elements. However, models trained on genomic sequences often fail to explain why the same transcription factor can activate or repress transcription in different contexts. To address this limitation, we developed an active learning approach to train models that distinguish between enhancers and silencers composed of binding sites for the photoreceptor transcription factor cone-rod homeobox (CRX).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine Best disease as a translational model.
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Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
In this review, we summarize the findings of several pre-clinical studies in the canine BEST1 disease model. To this end, client-owned and purpose bred dogs that were compound heterozygotes or homozygotes, respectively, for two or one of 3 different mutations in BEST1 were evaluated by ophthalmic examination, cSLO/sdOCT imaging, and retinal immunohistochemistry to characterize the clinical and microanatomic features of the disease. Subsequently AAV-mediated gene therapy was done to transfer the BEST1 transgene to the RPE under control of a hVMD2 promoter.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.
Cone cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE6) is the key effector enzyme for daylight vision, and its properties are critical for shaping distinct physiology of cone photoreceptors. We determined the structures of human cone PDE6C in various liganded states by single-particle cryo-EM that reveal essential functional dynamics and adaptations of the enzyme. Our analysis exposed the dynamic nature of PDE6C association with its regulatory γ-subunit (Pγ) which allows openings of the catalytic pocket in the absence of phototransduction signaling, thereby controlling photoreceptor noise and sensitivity.
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Neurobiol Dis
December 2024
Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat, encoding a string of glutamines (polyQ) in the first exon of the huntingtin gene (HTTex1). This mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) with extended polyQ forms aggregates in cortical and striatal neurons, causing cell damage and death. The retina is part of the central nervous system (CNS), and visual deficits and structural abnormalities in the retina of HD patients have been observed.
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