KCNQ1, a voltage-gated potassium ion channel, plays an important role in various physiological processes, including osteoblast differentiation in higher animals. However, its function in lower invertebrates such as marine shellfish remains poorly understood. Pearl oysters, such as P. fucata martensii, are ideal for studying biomineralisation. In this study, a full-length cDNA of KCNQ1 from P. fucata martensii (PfKCNQ1) was obtained, and its function in shell formation was investigated. The full-length 3945 bp cDNA of PfKCNQ1 included an open reading frame (ORF) of 1944 bp encoding a polypeptide of 647 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment revealed high homology with KCNQ1 from other species, with six transmembrane domains (S1 - S6) and a pore (P) region. Expression pattern analysis showed that PfKCNQ1 was expressed in all tested tissues, with highest expression in mantle and heart, and shell notching induced PfKCNQ1 expression. Silencing PfKCNQ1 expression inhibited PfKCNQ1 expression and downregulated four biomineralisation-related genes (Shematrin, Pif80, N16 and MSI60). Disordered crystals or "hollows" were visible in the shell ultrastructure by scanning electron microscopy following PfKCNQ1 knockdown. The results suggested that PfKCNQ1 may participate in or regulate biomineralisation and shell formation in pearl oyster.
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