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Tumor cells were reported to have perpetual negative surface charges due to elevated glycolysis, and multifunctional nanoprobes (FeO@SiO mNPs) could attach onto tumor cells opposite surface charges. We thus evaluated whether mixing mNPs with urine could improve the sensitivity of urine cytology test (UCT). We developed a novel UCT method by mixing urine with mNPs (Nano-cytology) to harvest more tumor cells during UCT procedures. The same voided urine sample was divided equally for the Nano-cytology and UCT assay, and evaluated by cytopathologists in a blinded way. The accuracy of UCT, Nano-cytology, and the combination of the two approaches (Nano-UCT) for detecting bladder cancer were determined. Urine samples were prospectively collected from 102 bladder cancer patients and 49 non-cancer participants from June 2020 to February 2021 in Changhai Hospital. Overall sensitivity of the Nano-cytology assay was significantly higher than that of the UCT assay (82.4 vs. 59.8%, < .01). Sensitivity for low- and high-grade tumors was 79.1% and 39.5% ( < .01) and 84.7% and 74.6% ( = .25) for Nano-cytology and UCT, respectively. Specificity of Nano-cytology was slightly lower than that of UCT (89.8% vs. 100%, = .022), which is mainly caused by severe urinary tract infection. In addition, Nano-UCT showed increased sensitivity with 90.2% for overall patients, and 83.7% and 94.9% for low- and high-grade tumor, respectively. The Nano-cytology assay had a significantly improved sensitivity compared with UCT for detecting bladder cancer patients. It represents a promising tool for diagnosis of bladder cancer in clinical practice.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841412 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.813420 | DOI Listing |
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