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Lung ultrasound in blunt chest trauma: A clinical review. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Bedside lung ultrasound is a vital diagnostic tool in trauma care, effectively identifying severe lung conditions and guiding treatment in both major and minor injuries.
  • A literature review on trauma-related lung injuries revealed that ultrasound can accurately diagnose pneumothorax and assess lung contusions and hemothorax using specific sonographic signs.
  • Overall, lung ultrasound enhances patient management in critical situations, facilitating quick diagnosis of potentially life-threatening issues in blunt chest trauma.

Article Abstract

Introduction: Bedside lung sonography is recognized as a reliable diagnostic modality in trauma settings due to its ability to detect alterations both in lung parenchyma and in pleural cavities. In severe blunt chest trauma, lung ultrasound can identify promptly life-threatening conditions which may need direct intervention, whereas in minor trauma, lung ultrasound contributes to detection of acute pathologies which are often initially radio-occult and helps in the selection of those patients that might need further investigation.

Topic Description: We did a literature search on databases EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar using the terms 'trauma', 'lung contusion', 'pneumothorax', 'hemothorax' and 'lung ultrasound'. The latest articles were reviewed and this article was written using the most current and validated information.

Discussion: Lung ultrasound is quite accurate in diagnosing pneumothorax by using a combination of four sonographic signs; absence of lung sliding, B-lines, lung pulse and presence of lung point. It provides a rapid diagnosis in hemodynamically unstable patients. Lung contusions and hemothorax can be diagnosed and assessed with lung ultrasound. Ultrasound is also very useful for evaluating rib and sternal fractures and for imaging the pericardium for effusion and tamponade.

Conclusion: Bedside lung ultrasound can lead to rapid and accurate diagnosis of major life-threatening pathologies in blunt chest trauma patients.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841950PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271X21994604DOI Listing

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