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Plant Executor Genes. | LitMetric

Plant Executor Genes.

Int J Mol Sci

National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.

Published: January 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Executor genes are a new class of plant resistance genes that interact with pathogen-secreted transcription activation-like effectors (TALEs) to trigger a hypersensitive response (HR) in host plants.* -
  • TALEs typically act as virulence factors by activating "susceptibility" genes, but some plants have adapted by evolving effector-binding elements (EBEs) that allow for the activation of executor genes, leading to host cell death and hindering pathogen growth.* -
  • Despite sharing some structural features, executor genes lack significant genetic sequence similarity, and our understanding of their biochemical mechanisms and roles in plant immunity is still incomplete, particularly in the context of rice bacterial blight resistance.*

Article Abstract

Executor () genes comprise a new type of plant resistance () genes, identified from host- interactions. The -secreted transcription activation-like effectors (TALEs) usually function as major virulence factors, which activate the expression of the so-called "susceptibility" () genes for disease development. This activation is achieved via the binding of the TALEs to the effector-binding element (EBE) in the gene promoter. However, host plants have evolved EBEs in the promoters of some otherwise silent genes, whose expression directly causes a host cell death that is characterized by a hypersensitive response (HR). Such genes are called genes because they trap the pathogen TALEs in order to activate expression, and the resulting HR prevents pathogen growth and disease development. Currently, deploying gene resistance is becoming a major component in disease resistance breeding, especially for rice bacterial blight resistance. Currently, the biochemical mechanisms, or the working pathways of the E proteins, are still fuzzy. There is no significant nucleotide sequence homology among genes, although E proteins share some structural motifs that are probably associated with the signal transduction in the effector-triggered immunity. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding TALE-type avirulence proteins, gene activation, the E protein structural traits, and the classification of genes, in order to sharpen our understanding of the plant genes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8835739PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031524DOI Listing

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