Viral infections or persistent alcohol or drug abuse, together with intrinsic factors, lead to hepatitis, which often ends in the development of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With this review, we describe inflammatory liver diseases, such as acute liver failure, virus-induced hepatitis, alcoholic- and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis, and highlight their driving mechanisms. These include external factors such as alcohol misuse, viral infection and supernutrition, as well as intrinsic parameters such as genetic disposition and failure, in immune tolerance. Additionally, we describe what is known about the translational machinery within all these diseases. Distinct eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) with specific functional roles and aberrant expression in HCC are reported. Many alterations to the translational machinery are already triggered in the precancerous lesions described in this review, highlighting mTOR pathway proteins and eIFs to emphasize their putative clinical relevance. Here, we identified a lack of knowledge regarding the roles of single eIF proteins. A closer investigation will help to understand and treat HCC as well as the antecedent diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834218 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030533 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Role of Ribosomal Protein bS1 in Orthogonal mRNA Start Codon Selection.
Biochemistry
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
In many bacteria, the location of the mRNA start codon is determined by a short ribosome binding site sequence that base pairs with the 3'-end of 16S rRNA (rRNA) in the 30S subunit. Many groups have changed these short sequences, termed the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence in the mRNA and the anti-Shine-Dalgarno (ASD) sequence in 16S rRNA, to create "orthogonal" ribosomes to enable the synthesis of orthogonal polymers in the presence of the endogenous translation machinery. However, orthogonal ribosomes are prone to SD-independent translation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneration of ribosomal protein S1 mutants for improving of expression of difficult to translate mRNAs.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Metagenomes present a source for novel enzymes, but under 1% of environmental microbes are cultivatable. Because of its useful properties, Escherichia coli has been used as a host organism in functional genomic screens. However, due to differing expression machineries in the expression host compared to the source organism of the DNA sequences, screening outcomes can be biased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe interactive role of microRNA and other non-coding RNA in hepatitis B (HBV) associated fibrogenesis.
Funct Integr Genomics
January 2025
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jintan Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 213200, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
One of the outstanding features of chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is its strong association with liver fibrosis. CHB induced inflammation and injury trigger multiple biochemical and physical changes that include the promotion of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) CHB induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is regarded as a central event in fibrogenesis to directly promote the synthesis of myofibroblasts and the expression of a range of materials to repair injured liver tissue. Fibrogenesis is modulated by the mainstream epigenetic machinery, as well as by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that are often referred to as an ancillary epigenetic response to fine tune gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlternative splicing of modulatory immune receptors in T lymphocytes: a newly identified and targetable mechanism for anticancer immunotherapy.
Front Immunol
January 2025
The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Alternative splicing (AS) is a mechanism that generates translational diversity within a genome. Equally important is the dynamic adaptability of the splicing machinery, which can give preference to one isoform over others encoded by a single gene. These isoform preferences change in response to the cell's state and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBistable Functions and Signaling Motifs in Systems Chemistry: Taking the Next Step Toward Synthetic Cells.
Acc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
ConspectusA key challenge in modern chemistry research is to mimic life-like functions using simple molecular networks and the integration of such networks into the first functional artificial cell. Central to this endeavor is the development of signaling elements that can regulate the cell function in time and space by producing entities of code with specific information to induce downstream activity. Such artificial signaling motifs can emerge in nonequilibrium systems, exhibiting complex dynamic behavior like bistability, multistability, oscillations, and chaos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!