A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 176

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

AMPK-mediated glutaminolysis maintains coelomocytes redox homeostasis in Vibrio splendidus-challenged Apostichopus japonicus. | LitMetric

AMPK-mediated glutaminolysis maintains coelomocytes redox homeostasis in Vibrio splendidus-challenged Apostichopus japonicus.

Fish Shellfish Immunol

State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai, 264034, PR China. Electronic address:

Published: March 2022

Glutaminolysis has been proved to play an irreplaceable role in vertebrate immunity, including effects on cytokine production, bacterial killing, and redox homeostasis maintenance. Our previous metabolomics analysis indicated that glutaminolysis metabolic substrates glutamine (Gln) and metabolites glutamate (Glu) were significantly lower in Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS)-diseased Apostichopus japonicus. To further delineate the role of glutaminolysis, we assayed the levels of Gln and Glu. We found that their contents in coelomocytes were decreased, accompanied by an increase in glutathione (GSH) in pathogen-challenged Apostichopus japonicus. Consistently, the mRNA transcripts of three key genes in glutaminolysis (AjASCT2, AjGOT, and AjGCS) were significantly induced. Moreover, the increased MDA and NADPH/NADP  levels in response to pathogen infection indicated that oxidative stress occurs during the immune response. The metabolic regulator AMPKβ could regulate glutaminolysis in vertebrates by inducing cells to take up extracellular Gln. To explore the underlying regulatory mechanism behind glutaminolysis that occurred in coelomocytes, the full-length cDNA of AMPKβ was identified from A. japonicus (designated as AjAMPKβ). AjAMPKβ expression was significantly induced in the coelomocytes after pathogen challenge, which was consistent with the expression of key genes of glutaminolysis. A functional assay indicated that AjAMPKβ silencing by siRNA transfection could increase the levels of Gln and Glu and depress the production of GSH. Moreover, the expression of glutaminolysis-related genes was significantly inhibited, and the reduction of redox homeostasis indexes (MDA and NADPH/NADP) was also observed. Contrastingly, AjAMPKβ overexpression promoted redox homeostasis balance. Intracellular ROS is mostly responsible for breaking redox homeostasis and leading to oxidative stress, contributing to cell fate changes in immune cells. Exogenous Gln and GSH treatments could significantly reduce ROS level while the AjAMPKβ silencing induced the level of ROS and accelerated the necrosis rate. All these results collectively revealed that AjAMPKβ could modulate cellular redox homeostasis by affecting the glutaminolysis in A. japonicus.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.012DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

redox homeostasis
24
apostichopus japonicus
12
glutaminolysis
8
levels gln
8
gln glu
8
key genes
8
genes glutaminolysis
8
oxidative stress
8
ajampkβ silencing
8
redox
6

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!