Case Report: Triphasic Waves in a 9-Year-Old Girl With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.

Background: Triphasic waves (TWs) are mainly described in association with metabolic encephalopathy, especially hepatic encephalopathy. Now, as different conditions including non-metabolic and structural abnormalities have been reported to be associated with TWs, the presence of TWs becomes a non-specific finding for metabolic encephalopathy.

Case Presentation: We report the first case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a 9-year-old girl presenting with TWs on EEG. The TWs background EEG lasted for about 12 h on the 40th day of the disease course. No epileptic wave was found during a series of EEG examinations. The child was discharged from the hospital and no neurological sequelae remained after a six-month follow-up.

Conclusions: TWs are not specific to metabolic encephalopathy, but can also occur in children with autoimmune encephalitis. This case achieved a good prognosis after the early initiation of immunotherapy.