Equine Referral Hospital, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Published: May 2022
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Foot imbalance and malalignment of the digits are common in horses. Angle and distance measurements performed on bones, joints and hoof wall on radiographs provide essential guidance for precise corrective trimming and shoeing. This study aimed to investigate, if selected standing low-field magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to accurately measure dorsopalmar and lateromedial foot conformation parameters in comparison to the radiographic gold standard. Images of 100 horses referred for standing low-field MR examination were selected. Foot conformation angles and distances were measured and compared between radiographs and MR images. Measurements from most imaging sources were significantly different from each other. Moderate to high correlation of foot conformation angles between radiographs and MR images in the lateromedial and dorsopalmar planes was found, with exception of the proximal interphalangeal joint angle, where there was only moderate agreement between radiographs and the 5-plane MR pilot (0.47, P < .001) and between radiographs and the 3-plane MR pilot (0.4, P < .001), respectively. Measurement of foot conformation parameters from low-field MR images should be used with caution in clinical practice and acquisition of current foot radiographs immediately before or after MR examination should be considered to facilitate precise trimming and shoeing.
Virus assembly is a crucial step for the completion of the viral replication cycle. In addition to ensuring efficient incorporation of viral genomes into nascent virions, high specificity is required to prevent incorporation of host nucleic acids. For picornaviruses, including FMDV, the mechanisms required to fulfil these requirements are not well understood.
The study investigates the genetic basis of body conformation traits in dairy cows, linking these traits to longevity, fertility, and overall health.
Researchers conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 14 specific traits in Holstein cows using high-density SNP genotypes derived from a large dataset of North American Holsteins.
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Cattle express three subclasses of IgG antibody - IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. Unlike IgG1 and IgG2, IgG3 was described relatively recently and the role of this subclass in immunity is unknown. Using recombinant bovine IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we demonstrated that only one of the commercially available anti-bovine IgG mAbs tested was able to recognize IgG3, and no mAb exclusively bound IgG3.
International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, and.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by exacerbated joint inflammation. Despite the well-documented accumulation of the serine protease granzyme B (GzmB) in RA patient biospecimens, little is understood pertaining to its role in pathobiology. In the present study, tenascin-C (TNC) - a large, pro-inflammatory extracellular matrix glycoprotein - was identified as a substrate for GzmB in RA.
Foot-and-mouth disease vaccination using inactivated virus is suboptimal, as the icosahedral viral capsids often disassemble into antigenically distinct pentameric units during long-term storage, or exposure to elevated temperature or lowered pH, and thus raise a response that is no longer protective. Furthermore, as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)'s seven serotypes are antigenically diverse, cross-protection from a single serotype vaccine is limited, and most existing mouse and bovine antibodies and camelid single-domain heavy chain-only antibodies are serotype-specific. For quality control purposes, there is a real need for pan-serotype antibodies that clearly distinguish between pentamer (12S) and protective intact FMDV capsid.
