An insight into Transfemoral Prostheses: Materials, modelling, simulation, fabrication, testing, clinical evaluation and performance perspectives.

Introduction: A transfemoral prosthesis restores any limb amputated above the knee. Designing and developing a transfemoral prosthesis that is consistent with human performance is a tough task. While prosthetic components are widely available in the market, ongoing research is being conducted to develop parts that would restore the lost capability, taking into account numerous social, economic, and technological considerations.

Areas Covered: The present paper provides a comprehensive review about the mechanical aspects and performance of transfemoral prosthesis in recent years based on the research findings on materials, manufacturing methods, and evaluations for suitability of the prostheses. The fundamental terminologies as well as technical advancements are covered in order to impart a better knowledge in the area of Lower Limb prostheses. This review also provides a concise description on the role of computers, advanced software packages, sensors, and other hardware components for the design, fabrication, and testing of transfemoral prosthetic devices in the current environment.

Expert Opinion: The current state of lower limb prostheses and future research opportunities are summarized to address upcoming challenges. Based on survey of various research works, adapting modern technology may aid in the development of functional and cost-efficient prosthetic components with superior safety, comfort, and quality.