Hyperoxaluria: An early diagnosis will allow a timely combined renal and liver transplantations to avoid irreversible damages to all other organs.

A 4-month-old patient was admitted to the emergency room for vomiting, weight gain, food refusal and hypertension. Blood gases showed a metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap. Laboratory finding revealed severe renal failure (creatinine 8 mg/dL). Renal ultrasound showed an important hyperechogenicity of the parenchyma with loss of cortico-medullar differentiation suggesting a nephronophytosis. Genetic testing was negative. Urine oxalate levels were increased to 140 μmol/L. New genetic tests were positive for type I hyperoxaluria. The authors discuss the management of hyperoxaluria.