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Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Psychosocial Stress and the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammation and Immune Modulation.
J Appl Physiol (1985)
January 2025
Department of Medical Education, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
There is growing interest in understanding the complex relationship between psychosocial stress and the human gastrointestinal microbiome (GIM). This review explores the potential physiological pathways connecting these two and how they contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment that can lead to the development and progression of the disease. Exposure to psychosocial stress triggers the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), leading to various physiological responses essential for survival and coping with the stressor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpioid Prescriptions for Low Back Pain among Military-Connected Older Adults Across Multiple Care Systems.
Drugs Aging
January 2025
Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Background: Untreated low back pain (LBP) in older adults can lead to disability and development of chronicity. Due to the potential development of medical comorbidities and negative risks associated with pharmacological use, chronic LBP management for older adults requires a responsive approach.
Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the probability of (1) opioid prescription receipt and (2) opioid-sedative coprescription, in a sample of military-service-connected patients enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) or TRICARE, ages 30-85 years, receiving care in three systems: VHA, Military Health System (MHS), and nonfederal (civilian) healthcare facilities.
Ocrelizumab dose selection for treatment of pediatric relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the OPERETTA I study.
J Neurol
January 2025
Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Background: The presented study identified the appropriate ocrelizumab dosing regimen for patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS).
Methods: Patients with POMS aged 10-17 years were enrolled into cohort 1 (body weight [BW] < 40 kg, ocrelizumab 300 mg) and cohort 2 (BW ≥ 40 kg, ocrelizumab 600 mg) during a 24-week dose-exploration period (DEP), followed by an optional ocrelizumab (given every 24 weeks) extension period.
Primary Endpoints: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (CD19 B-cell count); secondary endpoint: safety; exploratory endpoints: MRI activity, protocol-defined relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change.
During their daily lives humans are often confronted with sustained cognitive activities (SCA) leading to state fatigue, a psychobiological state characterized by a decrease in cognitive and/or motor performance and/or an increase in perception of fatigue. It was recently shown that performing SCA can impair overground dual-task gait performance in older adults, but it is currently unknown whether there is a task- and/or age-specific modulation in gait performance during treadmill walking. Therefore, the effect of a SCA on single- and dual-task treadmill walking performance was investigated in young and old adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA High-Efficiency Autocatalysis-Oriented Cascade Circuit via Reciprocal Hug-Amplification for Assay-to-Treat Application.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
Developing a DNA autocatalysis-oriented cascade circuit (AOCC) via reciprocal navigation of two enzyme-free hug-amplifiers might be desirable for constructing a rapid, efficient, and sensitive assay-to-treat platform. In response to a specific trigger (), seven functional DNA hairpins were designed to execute three-branched assembly (TBA) and three isotropic hybridization chain reaction (3HCR) events for operating the AOCC. This was because three new inducers were reconstructed in TBA arms to initiate 3HCR (TBA-to-3HCR) and periodic repeats were resultantly reassembled in the tandem nicks of polymeric nanowires to rapidly activate TBA in the opposite direction (3HCR-to-TBA) without steric hindrance, thereby cooperatively manipulating sustainable AOCC progress for exponential hug-amplification (1:3).
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