High Prevalence of in Fecal Commensal from Healthy Children.

Background: Antibiotic-resistant can colonize the intestinal tract of healthy children, causing concern when antibiotic resistance is related to the presence of transferable mechanisms, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).

Materials And Methods: Fecal samples from 41 healthy children from two villages of rural Peru were cultured on ceftriaxone-disks. ESBL production was confirmed with double disk synergy. In all ESBL-produced isolates, antibiotic susceptibility to 12 antibacterial agents was established by disk diffusion, while clonal relationships were determined by repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). Presence of ST131 was determined using PCR.

Results: Ceftriaxone-resistant microorganisms were recovered from 39 samples belonging to 22 out of 41 children (53.7%). Of these, 80 ceftriaxone-resistant and two ceftriaxone-intermediate from inside ceftriaxone-halos were confirmed as ESBL-producers. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. In 79/80 (98.8%) ceftriaxone-resistant isolates, the presence of was detected alone (58 isolates, or together with other β-lactamase (, 17 isolates; , 3 isolates; + , 1 isolate), while in one isolate no such ESBL was identified. The two ceftriaxone-intermediate isolates recovered from the same sample, carried a and respectively. Thirty-four different clones were identified, with 4 clones being recovered from different samples from the same child. Twelve clones were disseminated among different children, including 5 clones disseminated between both villages. Two clones, accounting for 3 isolates and both recovered from the same children, belonged to ST131.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates high prevalence of ESBL-carriers among healthy children living in a rural area of Peru, stressing the need for continuous surveillance and search for public health control measures.