The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the kinetic parameters of the fingers caused by differences in ball velocity during overarm throwing. Six baseball players participated in the study, and the kinetics of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint were calculated using an inverse dynamics method. The results of Tukey's multiple comparison tests showed that the torque and work of the wrist increased with increasing ball velocity (p < .05), indicating that wrist torque and work contributed to the adjustment of ball velocity. Peak MP joint torque also increased with ball velocity (p < .05), although the work of the MP joint remained relatively constant. We conclude that MP joint torque and work contribute to the achievement of stable ball release rather than adjusting ball velocity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2021-0087 | DOI Listing |
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol
December 2024
School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece.
: This study examined the influence of competition level and player position on shooting accuracy and kinematic parameters in U18 male basketball players, focusing on two-point jump shots and free throws. : Thirty-eight higher-level (HL-group) and forty-one lower-level (LL-group) participants, categorized into guard, forward, and center subgroups, completed a two-point basketball shooting test, followed by a free-throw shooting test after a 30 min interval. These tests were administered using a crossover, counterbalanced approach with the Latin square method to ensure effective randomization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Sports Physiol Perform
December 2024
School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Purpose: To examine the acute effects of forehand drive (FD) preconditioning with or without blood-flow restriction (BFR) on subsequent forehand performance and muscle recruitment in tennis.
Methods: On separate visits, 12 well-trained tennis players participated in 4 randomized trials. Each visit included pretests (maximal muscle-activation capacity or FD performance), a preconditioning phase, and posttests after 5 minutes of rest (ie, similar to pretests).
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
December 2024
Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Significant associations have been established among individual maximum joint and segment velocities with throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in baseball.
Purpose: Investigate how pitches with the fastest maximum joint and segment velocities, in both ideal and non-ideal sequence order, may impact ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in professional baseball pitchers.
Methods: Professional(n=338) pitchers threw 8-12 fastball pitches while evaluated with 3D-motion capture (480 Hz).
Polymers (Basel)
November 2024
Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymer Composite Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia.
An approach to detecting discontinuities in carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, caused by impact loading followed by compression testing, was developed. An X-ray sensor-based installation was used, while some algorithms were developed to improve the quality of the obtained low-contrast radiographic images with negligible signal-to-noise ratios. For epoxy/AF (#1) composite subjected to a "high-velocity" steel-ball impact with subsequent compression loading, it was not possible to detect discontinuities since the orientation of the extended zone of interlayer delamination was perpendicular to the irradiation axis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Bioeng Biotechnol
November 2024
Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
In percutaneous interventions, needles are used to reach target locations inside the body. However, when the needle is pushed through the tissue, forces arise at the needle tip and along the needle body, making the needle prone to buckling. Recently, needles that prevent buckling inspired by the ovipositor of female parasitic wasps have been developed.
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