AI Article Synopsis
- The article reviews the characteristics and measurements of abnormal head postures (AHPs) caused by ocular issues, highlighting their impact on facial appearance.
- Various ocular conditions, such as nystagmus and superior oblique palsy, contribute to AHP, which affects 18%-25% of individuals with these postures in ophthalmology clinics.
- Timely and accurate diagnosis of the underlying causes of AHP is crucial to prevent long-term consequences like facial asymmetry and muscular changes.
Article Abstract
Purpose: To provide a comprehensive review on different characteristics of abnormal head postures (AHPs) due to different ocular causes, its measurement, and its effect on facial appearance.
Methods: In this review article, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were searched for the scientific articles and books published between 1975 and September 2020 based on the keywords of this article. The selected articles were collected, summarized, classified, evaluated, and finally concluded.
Results: AHP can be caused by various ocular or nonocular diseases. The prevalence of ocular causes of AHP was reported to be 18%-25%. 1.1% of patients presenting to ophthalmology clinics has AHP. The first step in evaluating a patient with AHP is a correct differential diagnosis between nonocular and ocular sources by performing comprehensive eye examinations and ruling out other causes of orthopedic and neurological AHP. Ocular AHP occurs for a variety of reasons, the most important of which include nystagmus, superior oblique palsy, and Duane's retraction syndrome. AHP may be an essential clinical sign for an underlying disease, which can only be appropriately treated by the accurate determination of the cause. Long-standing AHP may lead to facial asymmetry and secondary muscular and skeletal changes.
Conclusion: In conclusion, a proper differential diagnosis between nonocular and ocular causes, knowledge of the different forms of AHP and their measurement methods, accurate diagnosis of the cause, and proper and timely treatment of ocular AHP can prevent facial asymmetry and secondary muscular and skeletal changes in the patients.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8772496 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joco.joco_114_20 | DOI Listing |
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