A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 3100

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Enhanced Transport of TiO in Unsaturated Sand and Soil after Release from Biodegradable Plastic during Composting. | LitMetric

Enhanced Transport of TiO in Unsaturated Sand and Soil after Release from Biodegradable Plastic during Composting.

Environ Sci Technol

Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States.

Published: February 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Biodegradable plastics can break down completely if disposed of correctly, reducing traditional plastic pollution, but they may release harmful additives during degradation.
  • This study focused on titanium dioxide (TiO) particles released from biodegradable plastic mulch during composting and examined how these particles move through different soil types.
  • The findings showed that while TiO particles were retained in unsaturated soil due to attachment, they were mobile in unsaturated sand, and their movement was influenced by humic acid from compost, which hindered their ability to attach to soil particles.

Article Abstract

Biodegradable plastics can reach full degradation when disposed of appropriately and thus alleviate plastic pollution caused by conventional plastics. However, additives can be released into the environment during degradation and the fate of these additives can be affected by the degradation process. Here, we characterized TiO particles released from a biodegradable plastic mulch during composting and studied the transport of the mulch-released TiO particles in inert sand and agricultural soil columns under unsaturated flow conditions. TiO particles (238 nm major axis and 154 nm minor axis) were released from the biodegradable plastic mulch in both single-particle and cluster forms. The mulch-released TiO particles were fully retained in unsaturated soil columns due to attachment onto the solid-water interface and straining. However, in unsaturated sand columns, the mulch-released TiO particles were highly mobile. A comparison with the pristine TiO revealed that the mobility of the mulch-released TiO particles was enhanced by humic acid present in the compost residues, which blocked attachment sites and imposed steric repulsion. This study demonstrates that TiO particles can be released during composting of biodegradable plastics and the transport potential of the plastic-released TiO particles in the terrestrial environment can be enhanced by compost residues.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07169DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

tio particles
32
mulch-released tio
16
biodegradable plastic
12
tio
10
unsaturated sand
8
composting biodegradable
8
biodegradable plastics
8
particles
8
particles released
8
released biodegradable
8

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: