Carbohydrates are ubiquitous molecules expressed on the surface of nearly all living cells, and their interaction with carbohydrate-binding proteins is critical to many immunobiological processes. Carbohydrates are utilized as antigens in many licensed vaccines against bacterial pathogens. More recently, they have also been considered as adjuvants. Interestingly, unlike other types of vaccines, adjuvants have improved immune response to carbohydrate-based vaccine in humans only in a few cases. Furthermore, despite the discovery of many new adjuvants in the last years, aluminum salts, when needed, remain the only authorized adjuvant for carbohydrate-based vaccines. In this review, we highlight historical and recent advances on the use of glycans either as vaccine antigens or adjuvants, and we review the use of currently available adjuvants to improve the efficacy of carbohydrate-based vaccines. A better understanding of the mechanism of carbohydrate interaction with innate and adaptive immune cells will benefit the design of a new generation of glycan-based vaccines and of immunomodulators to fight both longstanding and emerging diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8803737 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.808005 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Enhanced Antitumor Immunity of a Globo H-Based Vaccine Enabled by the Combination Adjuvants of 3D-MPL and QS-21.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, CHINA.
Globo H, a specific carbohydrate antigen overexpressed on various human malignancies, has attracted considerable interest as an antigenic target for anticancer vaccine development. Despite several Globo H-based carbohydrate vaccines that have been designed, efficient access to Globo H hexasaccharide antigen and development of powerful adjuvants for enhancing antitumor immunity remain challenging. Herein, we reported a streamlined chemoenzymatic approach to prepare this hexasaccharide antigen, relying on chemical synthesis of Gb5 pentasaccharide by a stereoconvergent [2+3] strategy and subsequent enzymatic α-fucosylation to easily install α1,2-fucose residue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunological studies of Burkholderia multivorans O-antigen oligosaccharide-rsScpA193 conjugates as potential candidates for vaccine development.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
National Glycoengineering Research Center and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. Electronic address:
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of phenotypically similar but genotypically diverse Gram-negative bacteria that pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. Due to the absence of effective therapies, the development of an effective vaccine against Bcc infection is urgently needed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigens of B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlycoconjugate vaccines: platforms and adjuvants for directed immunity.
Glycobiology
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
Central to immune recognition is the glycocalyx, a glycan-rich coat on all cells that plays a crucial role in interactions that enable pathogen detection and activation of immune defenses. Pathogens and cancerous cells often display distinct glycans on their surfaces, making these saccharide antigens prime targets for vaccine development. However, carbohydrates alone generally serve as poor immunogens due to their often weak binding affinities, inability to effectively recruit T cell help, and reliance on adjuvants to iboost immune activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTotal synthesis of a structurally complex zwitterionic hexasaccharide repeating unit of polysaccharide B from Bacteroides fragilis via one-pot glycosylation.
Commun Chem
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) present on the surface of a common gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis are endowed with unique immunological properties as they can directly bind to T-cells in the absence of protein conjugation. ZPSs are therefore considered to be potential antigens for the development of totally carbohydrate-based vaccines. Herein, we disclose the first total synthesis of a highly branched phosphorylated zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide repeating unit of Bacteroides fragilis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynergistic immune augmentation enabled by covalently conjugating TLR4 and NOD2 agonists.
Eur J Med Chem
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. Electronic address:
Enhancing the efficacy of subunit vaccines relies significantly on the utilization of potent adjuvants, particularly those capable of triggering multiple immune pathways. To achieve synergistic immune augmentation by Toll-like receptor 4 agonist (TLR4a) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein 2 agonist (NOD2a), in this work, we conjugated RC529 (TLR4a) and MDP (NOD2a) to give RC529-MDP, and evaluated its adjuvanticity for OVA antigen. Compared to the unconjugated RC529+MDP, RC529-MDP remarkably enhanced innate immune responses with 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!