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Immunotherapy and radiation for high-grade glioma: a narrative review. | LitMetric

Immunotherapy and radiation for high-grade glioma: a narrative review.

Transl Cancer Res

Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Published: May 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • Glioblastoma and high-grade gliomas are serious brain tumors that are difficult to treat and very dangerous.
  • Researchers are exploring new treatment methods called immunotherapy, which helps the body's immune system fight these tumors better.
  • While some studies show promise, especially with combining treatments like radiation and immunotherapy, more research is needed to find effective strategies for patients.

Article Abstract

Glioblastoma and other high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most common and deadly primary brain tumors. Due to recent advances in immunotherapy and improved clinical outcomes in other disease sites, the study of immunotherapy in HGG has increased significantly. Herein, we summarize and evaluate existing evidence and ongoing clinical trials investigating the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of HGG, including therapeutic vaccination, immune checkpoint inhibition, adoptive lymphocyte transfer, and combinatorial approaches utilizing radiation and multiple modalities of immunotherapy. Special attention is given to the mechanisms by which radiation may improve immunogenicity in HGG, why this motivates the study of radiation in combination with immunotherapy, and how to determine optimal dosing and scheduling of radiation. Though larger randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown improvements in clinical outcomes, this area of research is still in its early stages and a number of important lessons can be taken away from the studies that have been completed to date. Many studies found a subset of patients who experienced durable responses, and analysis of their immune cells and tumor cells can be used to identify biomarkers that predict therapeutic response, as well as additional glioma-specific targets that can enhance therapeutic efficacy in a challenging tumor type.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797698PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-1933DOI Listing

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