The ASK-SEAT: a competency-based assessment scale for students majoring in clinical medicine.

Background: To validate a competency-based assessment scale for students majoring in clinical medicine, ASK-SEAT. Students' competency growth across grade years was also examined for trends and gaps.

Methods: Questionnaires were distributed online from May through August in 2018 to Year-2 to Year-6 students who majored in clinical medicine at the Shantou University Medical College (China). Cronbach alpha values were calculated for reliability of the scale, and exploratory factor analysis employed for structural validity. Predictive validity was explored by correlating Year-4 students' self-assessed competency ratings with their licensing examination scores (based on Kendall's tau-b values). All students' competency development over time was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: A total of 760 questionnaires meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.964, and the item-total correlations were all greater than 0.520. The overall KMO measure was 0.966 and the KMO measure for each item was greater than 0.930 (P < 0.001). The eigenvalues of the top 3 components extracted were all greater than 1, explaining 55.351, 7.382, and 5.316% of data variance respectively, and 68.048% cumulatively. These components were aligned with the competency dimensions of skills (S), knowledge (K), and attitude (A). Significant and positive correlations (0.135 < Kendall's tau-b < 0.276, p < 0.05) were found between Year-4 students' self-rated competency levels and their scores for the licensing examination. Steady competency growth was associated with almost all indicators, with the most pronounced growth in the domain of skills. A lack of steady growth was seen in the indicators of "applying the English language" and "conducting scientific research & innovating".

Conclusions: The ASK-SEAT, a competency-based assessment scale developed to measure medical students' competency development shows good reliability and structural validity. For predictive validity, weak-to-moderate correlations are found between Year-4 students' self-assessment and their performance at the national licensing examination (Year-4 students start their clinical clerkship during the 2nd semester of their 4th year of study). Year-2 to Year-6 students demonstrate steady improvement in the great majority of clinical competency indicators, except in the indicators of "applying the English language" and "conducting scientific research & innovating".