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Metabolic Scaling: Exploring the Relation Between Metabolic Rate and Body Size.
Adv Physiol Educ
January 2025
Emeritus, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
We present an alternative to the traditional classroom lecture on the topics of metabolic scaling, allometric relationships between metabolic rate (MR) and body size, and reasons for rejecting Rubner''s surface "law," concepts that students have described as challenging, counterintuitive, and/or mathematical. In groups, students work with published data on MR and body size for species representing all five vertebrate groups. To support the exercise, we developed a worksheet that has students define the concept in their own words, compare different measures of MR, and evaluate plots of MR and mass-specific MR versus body mass for both homeotherms and poikilotherms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRat as a Predictive Model for Human Clearance and Bioavailability of Monoclonal Antibodies.
Antibodies (Basel)
December 2024
Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
Background: The prediction of human clearance (CL) and subcutaneous (SC) bioavailability is a critical aspect of monoclonal antibody (mAb) selection for clinical development. While monkeys are a well-accepted model for predicting human CL, other preclinical species have been less-thoroughly explored. Unlike CL, predicting the bioavailability of SC administered mAbs in humans remains challenging as contributing factors are not well understood, and preclinical models have not been systematically evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation pharmacokinetic modeling and exposure-response analysis of anrikefon: insights and implications in clinical analgesia.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, China.
Background: Anrikefon (HSK21542), a potent and selective peripheral kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist developed by Haisco, effectively blocks pain and itch signals.
Aim: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for anrikefon and conduct exposure-response (E-R) analysis for safety and efficacy in postoperative pain patients.
Method: The Population PK analysis uses NONMEM software with data from six trials.
Does season regulate heterochronous leaf growth? Mechanisms of petiole-lamina trade-offs in broad-leaved woody plants of the Tianshan Mountains.
Plant Divers
November 2024
School of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, 830017, China.
As the core of leaf functional traits, the trade-off relationship between the petiole and lamina expresses the plant's adaptability to the environment in terms of support structure and photosynthesis. We investigated the proportions of allometric growth in the relationship between the petiole and the lamina of broadleaf woody plants in temperate highland Tianshan Mountains montane forests through three dimensions (length, area, and mass), including the length of the lamina (LL) and the length of the petiole (PL), and the area of the lamina (LA) and petiole cross sectional area (PCA) versus the mass of the lamina (LM) and the mass of the petiole (PM), as well as exploring the characteristics of the variance in response to seasonal changes. We found that the functional traits in all three dimensions showed a clear convergent evolution as the seasons progressed, that is, a "seasonal effect" of increasing and then decreasing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and the impact of food and formulation on systemic exposure in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
Epilepsia
January 2025
Unit of Innovative Treatments, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Objective: Identifying factors influencing cannabidiol (CBD) exposure can optimize treatment efficacy and safety. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of CBD in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and assess the influence of environmental, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics on CBD systemic exposure.
Methods: Data from two pharmacokinetic studies of patients aged 2-18 years with DEEs were included (N = 48 patients).
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