The COVID-19 pandemic provides a contemporaneous illustration of the need to consider sex and gender in research. Using surveillance, treatment and vaccine research examples, in this commentary review, we highlight opportunities for innovation in sex- and gender-sensitive and transformative health and medical research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065221076738 | DOI Listing |
Radiographics
February 2025
From the Department of Radiology (S.Q., R.C., J.C.C., M.M., B.D.A., R.A.) and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.A., J.E.W., R.L.W., D.C.L.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago, IL 60611; Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia (V.A.); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (M.M.).
Orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) is a well-established therapy for end-stage heart failure that leads to improved long-term survival rates, with careful allograft surveillance essential for optimizing clinical outcomes after OHT. Unfortunately, complications can arise after OHT that can compromise the success of the OHT. Cardiac MRI is continually evolving, with a range of advanced techniques that can be applied to evaluate allograft structure and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Nutr Prev Health
August 2024
Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
This article continues from a prior commentary on evaluating the risk of bias in randomised controlled trials addressing nutritional interventions. Having provided a synopsis of the risk of bias issues, we now address how to understand trial results, including the interpretation of best estimates of effect and the corresponding precision (eg, 95% CIs), as well as the applicability of the evidence to patients based on their unique circumstances (eg, patients' values and preferences when trading off potential desirable and undesirable health outcomes and indicators (eg, cholesterol), and the potential burden and cost of an intervention). Authors can express the estimates of effect for health outcomes and indicators in relative terms (relative risks, relative risk reductions, OR or HRs)-measures that are generally consistent across populations-and absolute terms (risk differences)-measures that are more intuitive to clinicians and patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
The US has an aging population that is under-represented in research. Many older adults face barriers to research participation, such as mobility issues, comorbidities, and declining physical and cognitive health, which make it harder for them to understand study processes and give informed consent. Proxies can be family members, paid or unpaid caregivers, or healthcare providers who provide health information for older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg
January 2025
Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China.
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