Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the mainstay in the treatment of allergic diseases, but the therapeutic effects of AIT need to be improved. CD38 B cells are an immune cell fraction involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases as well as in immune regulation.
Objective: We sought to elucidate the role of antigen-specific CD38 B cells in AIT.
Methods: An analysis was carried out on AIT results of 48 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR), among which peripheral blood immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; serum cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. An AR murine model was developed to test the role of CD38 B cells in AIT.
Results: A fraction of antigen-specific CD38 B cell was detected in AR patients. CD38 B-cell frequency was negatively correlated with the therapeutic effects of AIT. A negative correlation was detected between the CD38 B-cell frequency and regulatory T-cell frequency in AR patients treated with AIT. Exposure to specific antigens induced CD38 B cells to produce IL-6, that converted Treg cells to T17 cells. Coadministration of anti-CD38 antibody significantly promoted the therapeutic effects of AIT.
Conclusions: Antigen-specific CD38 B cells compromise AIT effects by producing IL-6 to convert regulatory T cells to T17 cells. Inhibition of CD38 B cells promotes the effects of AIT.
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