Endovascular treatment of the stuck hemodialysis catheter: A report of two cases and literature review.

A considerable number of patients present with stuck CVC after long-use of CVC, which is thought to result from the adhesion of the fibrous sheath, formed over the CVC, to the vessel or atrial wall. The removal of these catheters is a difficult and risky procedure. Hong reported a minimally invasive technique through endoluminal balloon dilation, which successfully breaks the adhesions and expands the vein, thus allowing for an easy removal of the CVC. The authors present two cases of a variant method of Hong's technique, and provide a literature review on stuck catheters. Our experience is that balloon angioplasty dilation is a safe and practical option. We highlight the role of experienced interventional nephrologists or radiologists in the management of this complication as endovascular treatment is the first line treatment.