Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Waste food utilization to produce bio-oil through pyrolysis has received increasing attention. The feedstock can be utilized more efficiently as its properties are upgraded. In this work, the mixed food waste (MFW) was pretreated via torrefaction at moderate temperatures (250-275 °C) under an inert atmosphere before fast pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of torrified MFW (T-MFW) was performed in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) to study the influence of torrefaction on the pyrolysis product distribution and bio-oil compositions. The highest liquid yield of 39.54 wt% was observed at a pyrolysis temperature of 450℃. The torrefaction has a significant effect on the pyrolysis process of MFW. After torrefaction, the higher heating values (HHVs) of the pyrolysis bio-oils (POs) ranged from 31.51 to 34.34 MJ/kg, which were higher than those of bio-oils from raw MFW (27.69-31.58 MJ/kg). The POs mainly contained aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkenes and ketones), phenolic, and N-containing derivatives. The pyrolysis of T-MFW was also carried out under the CO atmosphere. The application of CO as a carrier gas resulted in a decrease in the liquid yield and an increase in the gas product yield. In addition, the carbon and nitrogen content of POs increased, whereas the oxygen was reduced via the release of moisture and CO. Using CO in pyrolysis inhibited the generation of nitriles derivatives in POs, which are harmful to the environment. These results indicated that the application of CO to the thermal treatment of T-MFW could be feasible in energy production as well as environmental pollution control.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.013 | DOI Listing |
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