Phylogenetic Analysis and Genetics Polymorphisms Evaluation of and Genes of in Livestock and Poultry Hosts of Yazd, Qom and Golestan Provinces of Iran.

Background: A high correlation is observed between specific clonal lineages and host types in toxoplasmosis. The main objectives of this study were comparing polymorphism and evolutionary analysis of the and genes, as well as the evaluation of phylogenic and isolates obtained from different hosts and regions.

Methods: Overall 96 brain/diaphragm tissue samples of livestock and poultry from three provinces of Iran (cows: 9 from Yazd, 9 from Qom; sheep: 19 from Yazd, 7 from Qom; goats: 7 from Yazd, 4 from Qom; one camel from Yazd and 37 chickens, 2 roosters and one duck from Golestan) were tested during 2018-19. A nested PCR and PCR-PCR methods were developed with the and genes. Evaluation of genetic proximity, genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis were done using MEGA-X and DnaSP5 software. Thirty samples of both genes were sequenced (18 and 12 genes), and submitted to the GenBank (MN275903-MN275932).

Results: Tajima's D index analyses showed that both genes were in the negative direction of evolution. The gene was more sensitive than the gene. The gene showed better and more acceptable results in terms of the relationship between the host and the genotyping of the samples.

Conclusion: The gene was only an attractive target for rapid detection of parasites, whereas the gene due to a high level of polymorphism was able to isolate the three clonal lineages (type I, II and III), intertypes and even atypical strains from different isolates of .