The eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are chronic, immune-mediated conditions characterized clinically by GI symptoms and histologically by pathologic infiltration of the GI tract by eosinophils. The most well-studied is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but non-EoE EGIDs are becoming more frequently encountered. These have traditionally been classified by the predominant location inflammation, including eosinophilic gastritis (EoG; stomach only), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN; small bowel only), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC; colon only).(1, 2) However, multiple locations can be involved (e.g. gastric and small bowel involvement), specific segments of the small bowel can be named (e.g. eosinophilic duodenitis; EoD), and efforts are underway to standardize this nomenclature. The non-EoE EGIDs are considered rare diseases, with studies of administrative databases estimating the prevalence to be approximately 3–8/100,000, or ~50,000 cases in the United States.(3) However, recent data suggest these conditions may be under diagnosed.(4) In this paper, I will review my approach to the diagnosis and management of the non-EoE EGIDs, highlighting a number of principles that can be applied in most settings.
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Biologics for eosinophilic oesophagitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Med
December 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Objective: Advancing the understanding of the pathophysiology of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) and other eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) has spurred research into targeted biological therapies, while the conclusive therapeutic efficacy of biologics remains uncertain. In this review, we conducted a meta-analysis of all RCTS of biologics in the treatment of EoE to evaluate their efficacy and safety and discussed their treatment of non-EoE EGIDs.
Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases.
Eosinophilic duodenitis misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis in a child: a case report.
BMC Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing312000, China.
Background: Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders beyond Eosinophilic Esophagitis (non-EoE EGIDs) are chronic rare inflammatory disorders characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Case Presentation: We report the first pediatric case of eosinophilic duodenitis (one type of the non-EoE EGIDs) with concomitant pancreatic reaction that was misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis (AP). A 13-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital for a week of abdominal distension, vomiting, and epigastric pain that worsened recently.
Epidemiology and risk factors of non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in Japan: A population-based study.
Allergol Int
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- - Non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (non-EoE EGIDs) are allergic conditions linked to gastrointestinal dysfunction, but their incidence and how lifestyle factors affect them were previously unknown.
- - A study analyzing a large health database identified 1,368 cases of non-EoE EGIDs from over 15 million individuals, revealing a significant rise in incidence and prevalence since 2010.
- - Factors like allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis are associated with a higher risk for adults, while atopic dermatitis and certain perinatal conditions increase risk for children, with no significant links found to lifestyle choices like obesity or smoking.
Increase Incidence and Prevalence of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders in Israel During the Last Decade.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol
December 2024
Kahn Sagol Maccabi (KSM) Research & Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Article Synopsis
- Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are rising significantly in incidence and prevalence, with a major focus on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), particularly in Israel from 2014 to 2021.
- The study, based on electronic medical records of a population of 2.4 million, shows that the incidence rate of EGIDs tripled during the study period, while prevalence soared from 14.53 to 51.43 per 100,000 persons.
- The trends for increased cases are consistent across different age groups and sexes, indicating that the rise in EGIDs, especially EoE, shows no signs of plateauing by the end of 2021.
Practical concepts and strategies for early diagnosis and management of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders in East-Asian children.
Clin Exp Pediatr
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are emerging as significant concerns in the Korean pediatric population and transitioning from rare to more commonly diagnosed conditions. This review discusses the increasing prevalence of EGID among children and adolescents and highlights the complexities involved in its diagnosis and management. This review begins with a thorough examination of the diverse clinical presentations of EGIDs in Korean children, with a special focus on common gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stool.
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