Operando XRD studies on BiMoOas anode material for Na-ion batteries.

Nanotechnology

Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway.

Published: February 2022

Based on the same rocking-chair principle as rechargeable Li-ion batteries, Na-ion batteries are promising solutions for energy storage benefiting from low-cost materials comprised of abundant elements. However, despite the mechanistic similarities, Na-ion batteries require a different set of active materials than Li-ion batteries. Bismuth molybdate (BiMoO) is a promising NIB anode material operating through a combined conversion/alloying mechanism. We report anx-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation of BiMoO-based anodes over 34 (de)sodiation cycles revealing both basic operating mechanisms and potential pathways for capacity degradation. Irreversible conversion of BiMoOto Bi nanoparticles occurs through the first sodiation, allowing Bi to reversibly alloy with Na forming the cubic NaBi phase. Preliminary electrochemical evaluation in half-cellsNa metal demonstrated specific capacities for BiMoOto be close to 300 mAh gduring the initial 10 cycles, followed by a rapid capacity decay.XRD characterisation revealed that the increased irreversibility of the sodiation reactions and the formation of hexagonal NaBi are the main causes of the capacity loss. This is initiated by an increase in crystallite sizes of the Bi particles accompanied by structural changes in the electronically insulating Na-Mo-O matrix leading to poor conductivity in the electrode. The poor electronic conductivity of the matrix deactivates the NaBi particles and prevents the formation of the solid electrolyte interface layer as shown by post-mortem scanning electron microscopy studies.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac4eb5DOI Listing

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