The main role of mitochondria is to generate the energy necessary for the cell to survive and adapt to different environmental stresses. Energy demand varies depending on the phenotype of the cell. To efficiently meet metabolic demands, mitochondria require a specific proton homeostasis and defined membrane structures to facilitate adenosine triphosphate production. This homeostatic environment is constantly challenged as mitochondria are a major target for damage after exposure to environmental contaminants. Here we report changes in mitochondrial structure profiles in different cell types using electron microscopy in response to particle stress exposure in three different representative lung cell types. Endpoint analyses include nanoparticle intracellular uptake; quantitation of mitochondrial size, shape, and ultrastructure; and confirmation of autophagosome formation. Results show that low-dose aluminum nanoparticles exposure (1 ppm; 1 µg/mL; 1.6 × 1 0µg/cell)) to primary and asthma cells incurred significant mitochondrial deformation and increases in mitophagy, while cancer cells exhibited only slight changes in mitochondrial morphology and an increase in lipid body formation. These results show low-dose aluminum nanoparticle exposure induces subtle changes in the mitochondria of specific lung cells that can be quantified with microscopy techniques. Furthermore, within the lung, cell type by the nature of origin (i.e. primary vs. cancer vs. asthma) dictates mitochondrial morphology, metabolic health, and the metabolic stress response of the cell.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2021.2011974 | DOI Listing |
Environ Toxicol
December 2024
Cytology and Histology Department, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) are widely utilized in vaccine manufacturing and other medical preparations. Melatonin has numerous effects as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic. The purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial impact of melatonin on AlO NPs toxicity in the spinal cord.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Valsad, 396001, Gujarat, India.
The lower productivity of square pyramid solar still is the prime impediment to its worldwide applicability. In the present study, efforts have been made to improve the productivity of square pyramid solar still using mono and hybrid nanofluid. The experiments were carried out with two similar square pyramid solar stills at a 1cm depth of basin fluid (saline water, mono, and hybrid nanofluid) under the climate of location (20.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
November 2024
Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450001 Ufa, Russia.
With the developments in nanotechnology, the elaborate regulation of microstructure shows attractive potential in the design of new composite materials. Herein, composite materials composed of graphene network filled with metal nanoparticles are analyzed to optimize the fabrication process and mechanical properties. In the present work, molecular dynamic simulations are used to analyze the possibility of obtaining a composite structure with Ni-decorated graphene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Eurasian National University Named after L.N. Gumilyov, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
In this work, the simple fabrication of a new superhydrophobic magnetic sponge based on CNTs, NiFeO nanoparticles, and PDMS was investigated. CNTs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a nickel ferrite catalyst supported on aluminum oxide (NiFeO/AlO). The synthesis of nickel ferrite (NiFe) was accomplished using the sol-gel method, yielding magnetic nanoparticles (43 Amkg, coercivity of 93 Oe, 21-29 nm).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioconjug Chem
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) are key players in treatments that induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, conventional therapies, including radiotherapy, are often insufficient to induce ICD. In this study, we explore a strategy using nanoparticle-loaded macrophages as a source of ATP and HMGB1 to complement radiation-induced intrinsic and adaptive immune responses.
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