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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a broad group of synthetic chemicals that have raised concerns related to their long-term environmental persistence and potential health risks. Although several efforts have been dedicated to establishing international restrictions on their use, the definition of what qualifies as a PFAS remains a matter of debate among scientists, regulatory agencies, and industry. This article provides a brief overview of the different approaches proposed and adopted to date for identifying and grouping of these pollutants, either based on common structural motifs or on the combination of multiple factors, including functional uses, degradation behavior, physicochemical properties, and toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch on Wet Etching Techniques for GaInAs/AlInAs/InP Superlattices in Quantum Cascade Laser Fabrication.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
March 2025
Department of Optical Engineering, School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Wet etching is the mainstream fabrication method for single-bar quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Different etching solutions result in varying etching effects on III-V semiconductor materials. In this study, an efficient and nearly ideal etching solution ratio was proposed for simultaneously etching both InP and GaInAs/AlInAs, and the surface chemical reactions induced by each component of the etching solution during the process were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiant Capacitive Energy-Storage in BaTiO-Based Fine-Grained Relaxors via Local Polarization Enhancement.
Adv Mater
March 2025
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
Pb-free dielectric energy storage capacitors are core components in advanced pulse-power electronic systems and devices. However, the relatively low energy density (W) for the industrial pillar BaTiO (BT)-based capacitors remains a significant obstacle for their cutting-edge applications, due to their low intrinsic polarization and breakdown strength (E). Herein, through chemical composition and local structure design, a giant W of 15.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging molecular structures and interactions by enhanced confinement effect in electron microscopy.
Nat Commun
March 2025
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
Atomic imaging of molecules and intermolecular interactions are of great significance for a deeper understanding of the basic physics and chemistry in various applications, but it is still challenging in electron microscopy due to their thermal mobility and beam sensitivity. Confinement effect and low-dose imaging method may efficiently help us achieve stable high-resolution resolving of molecules and their interactions. Here, we propose a general strategy to image the confined molecules and evaluate the strengths of host-guest interactions in three material systems by low-dose electron microscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllelic frequency of 2 and genes in isolates from Awka, Anambra, Nigeria.
Malariaworld J
February 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria.
Introduction: The genetic diversity of correlates with its pathogenicity, therefore design of evidence-based intervention strategies to eradicate malaria requires genetic diversity surveillance. This study characterised the allelic frequencies and genetic diversity of parasites isolated from Awka, Nigeria.
Materials And Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 177 isolates and the polymorphic regions of the and genes were genotyped by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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