Angiomyolipoma, a perivascular epithelioid cell tumour, is easily identifiable as a benign tumour in the kidneys. However, when occurring in extrarenal sites it can mimic malignancy (Cancer Cytopathol. 2017;125:257). Pathologists must be aware of the classical morphological features of this lesion, its pitfalls in extrarenal sites, and the need for immunohistochemistry in order to establish the correct diagnosis (World J Gastroenterol. 2000;6:608). We report a case of angiomyolipoma with extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as a large hepatic mass, diagnosed by cytology through endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration. Our case exemplifies the classic cytological findings that are important in the differentiation between hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) and differentials in this organ such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia. A brief literature review and comparison of significant features between HAML and HCC are presented.
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