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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15606 | DOI Listing |
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The growing complexity of the control of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and brown adipose tissue by leptin.
Vitam Horm
January 2025
Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. Electronic address:
The balance between food intake and energy expenditure is precisely regulated to maintain adipose stores. Leptin, which is produced in and released from adipose in direct proportion to its size, is a major contributor to this control and initiates its homeostatic responses largely via binding to leptin receptors (LepR) in the hypothalamus. Decreases in hypothalamic LepR binding signals starvation, leading to hunger and reduced energy expenditure, whereas increases in hypothalamic LepR binding can suppress food intake and increase energy expenditure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute beneficial effects of a functional energy shot on cognitive performance and mood states during cognitively demanding task performance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
Front Nutr
January 2025
Research and Development, British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, United Kingdom.
Introduction: Functional beverages are increasingly popular but it is important to validate their purported effects through research. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a new functional energy shot on cognitive performance and mood states in healthy adults, with a focus on measuring mental energy enhancement and attenuation of negative effects associated with extended performance of mentally demanding tasks.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
Phylogenetic inferences reveal multiple intra- and interhost genetic diversity among bat rabies viruses circulating in northeastern Brazil.
One Health Outlook
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Background: Rabies, a lethal viral zoonotic disease, remains a significant global public health concern. In northeastern Brazil, in particular, its epidemiology is complex and dynamic, characterized by the presence of several reservoirs associated with human rabies infection.
Methods: This study, conducted from June 2022 to July 2023, was part of a passive epidemiological surveillance initiative under Brazil's National Rabies Surveillance Program.
VTA projections to M1 are essential for reorganization of layer 2-3 network dynamics underlying motor learning.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Technion Medical School, Bat-Galim, Haifa, Israel.
Article Synopsis
- The primary motor cortex (M1) is essential for learning motor skills, and dopaminergic signaling from the ventral-tegmental area (VTA) plays a significant role in this process.
- Using techniques like calcium imaging and chemogenetic inhibition, researchers found that learning a dexterity task leads to a reorganization of M1 layer 2-3, changing how neurons connect and communicate while maintaining overall activity levels.
- Blocking VTA signals during learning halted these neural changes, highlighting the importance of dopaminergic input in developing outcome signaling and refined connectivity in M1, which is crucial for acquiring new motor skills.
Acquisition of musical skills and abilities in older adults-results of 12 months of music training.
BMC Geriatr
December 2024
Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany.
Background: Older adults can acquire new skills across different domains. Practicing a musical instrument has been identified as a promising activity for improving cognition, promoting well-being, and inducing brain plasticity in older individuals. However, the mechanisms of these changes are still poorly understood.
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