Holistic Resilience Index: measuring the expected country resilience to pandemic.

This study aims to holistically measure the expected resilience of the different countries to a global pandemic like COVID-19. The proposed indicator has been designed looking at the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our society at different levels, including health and socio-economic aspects. More concretely, the resulting index has been produced by combining 11 different indicators grouped in five categories. It is actually composed of two sub-indicators that aim to measure the expected resilience according, respectively, to the data available in a given moment and to a period of development. The former sub-indicator depends on the actual values of the underpinning indicators, while the latter takes into account only their variation in a given time. In this paper we address 22 countries among the most affected by COVID-19, looking at recent pre-pandemic data and at the development in the past 20 years. As expected, the combination of the two methods determines contrasting results but also a more comprehensive analysis framework. As part of the lesson learnt, we do expect countries to prioritise the increasing of their holistic resilience to situations of pandemic.