Disgust sensitivity differs among men and women, and this phenomenon has been observed across numerous cultures. It remains unknown why such sex differences occur, but one of the reasons may relate to differences in self-presentation. We tested that hypothesis in an experiment comprising 299 participants (49% women) randomly allocated into three groups. Each group completed the Three Domains Disgust Scale (TDDS) and rated how disgusting they found olfactory, visual, gustatory, and tactile disgust elicitors either when a male experimenter was present, a female experimenter was present, or no experimenter was present. We hypothesised that male participants in the female experimenter group would declare decreased levels of disgust sensitivity, and female participants in the male experimenter group would declare increased levels of disgust sensitivity. Results showed that despite sex differences in pathogen and sexual disgust, attractive experimenters did not evoke any differences in declared disgust across groups with one exception-both men and women self-presented as more sensitive to sexual disgust in the presence of the female experimenter. We discuss our findings in the light of evolutionary and social theories.
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Transl Neurosci
January 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM), Old Westbury, New York, 11568, United States of America.
Humans live under constant threat from pathogenic microorganisms and minimizing such threat has been a major evolutionary selective force in shaping human behavior and health. A particular adaptive mechanism against the harm caused by parasites and their infectiousness is disgust sensitivity, which has evolved to detect and avoid poisonous foods as well as bodily secretions harboring virulent microorganisms. This ubiquitous and reflexive behavior requires the integration of several internal and external sensory signals between the brain, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the gastrointestinal tract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
Trust is a well-studied attitude with many different conceptualizations, scales, and measurement techniques. However, the diversity of measurement and conceptualizations of trust can make comparisons between studies and instrument selection difficult. To help address these difficulties, we conducted 4 studies where we directly compared commonly used domain general trust measures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Eat Disord
December 2024
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Research Unit Behavioral Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by a severely restrictive diet leading to significant physical and/or psychosocial sequelae. Largely owing to the phenotypic heterogeneity, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are relatively unknown. Recently, the communication between microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the brain-the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis-has been implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ AOAC Int
November 2024
National Processed Food Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Guangzhou Inspection Testing and Certification Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China.
Background: Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans is a notable foodborne pathogen that poses a significant risk to food safety. Contaminated food requires distinct classification and treatment procedures for non-pathogenic B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvol Hum Sci
May 2024
New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
With the rise of dating apps, people have access to a vast pool of potential partners at their fingertips. The present study examined how various factors would predict an individual's dating decisions in a dating app-analogue study. Participants ( = 269) first completed some trait measures and then a mock-dating task in which they judged the attractiveness of a series of targets and then decided whether to match with the target or not.
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