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Objectives: To describe changes in the volume and types of emergency medical services (EMS) calls for children during the COVID-19 pandemic and after availability of the COVID-19 vaccine ("reopening period").
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of EMS 9-1-1 responses to children under 18 years for all causes over a 4-year period (2019-2022) reported in the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) dataset. Data was stratified into three periods, Pre-pandemic, Pandemic and Reopening.
Characterization of spike S1/S2 processing and entry pathways of lentiviral pseudoviruses bearing seasonal human coronaviruses NL63, 229E, and HKU1 spikes.
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Although much has been learned about the entry mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many details of the entry mechanisms of seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remain less well understood. In the present study, we used 293T cell lines stably expressing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), aminopeptidase N (APN), or transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which support high-level transduction of lentiviral pseudoviruses bearing spike proteins of seasonal HCoVs, HCoV-NL63, -229E, or -HKU1, respectively, to compare spike processing and virus entry pathways among these viruses. Our results showed that the entry of HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -HKU1 pseudoviruses into cells is sensitive to endosomal acidification inhibitors (chloroquine and NHCl), indicating entry via the endocytosis route.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigation of Immunoreactivity Profiles and Epitope Landscape in Divergent COVID-19 Trajectories and SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
J Proteome Res
January 2025
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
This study aimed to elucidate the complexity of the humoral immune response in COVID-19 patients with varying disease trajectories using a SARS-CoV-2 whole proteome peptide microarray chip. The microarray, containing 5347 peptides spanning the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome and key variants of concern, was used to analyze IgG responses in 10 severe-to-recovered, 9 nonsevere-to-severe cases, and 10 control case (5 pre-pandemic and 5 SARS-CoV-2-negative) plasma samples. We identified 1151 IgG-reactive peptides corresponding to 647 epitopes, with 207 peptides being cross-reactive across 124 epitopes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulated microbe vaccines: from concept to (pre-clinical) reduction to practice.
Expert Rev Vaccines
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Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: Vaccines to prevent important infections involving, e.g. influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-causing coronaviruses (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCOVID-19 vaccination patterns among oral cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis in a medical center in Taiwan.
J Dent Sci
January 2025
Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Background/purpose: COVID-19 vaccines are supplied at no-cost to residents as a measure to prevent comorbidities, fatalities, and the increased risk of community transmission, thus protecting public health systems. However, vaccine acceptance among cancer patients remained uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate the vaccination rates among oral cancer patients at a medical center in Taiwan.
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