Mechanisms encoding STAT functional diversity for context-specific inflammatory responses.

Cells integrate complex cytokine cues and other inflammatory stimuli through activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors to drive the appropriate anti-microbial, inflammatory, and resolving functions. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of mechanisms supporting STAT functional diversity. Signaling component availability and the strength of receptor and STAT interactions emerge as important determinants of immune function. The resultant dynamics of STAT activation, together with stimulus-specific variation in STAT post-translationally modified states, will impact downstream binding partners to support transcription of distinct gene subsets. Understanding how context-dependent STAT function is encoded to dictate cytokine specificity, crosstalk, and control of inflammation will guide therapeutic efforts to selectively perturb STAT-regulated responses.