AI Article Synopsis
- - Swine are crucial for the ecology of influenza A viruses, acting as mixing vessels for various strains, with H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 being prevalent globally.
- - A study in Northern Italy analyzed 672 IAV-positive samples from pig farms (2017-2020) and found high genetic diversity in H1N1 and H1N2 strains, while H3N2 showed stability in its genetic patterns.
- - Notable changes included increasing variability in HA-1C strains and the discovery of an antigenic variant cluster in HA-1A strains in 2020, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance due to the potential zoonotic risks of these evolving viruses.
Article Abstract
Swine play an important role in the ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs), acting as mixing vessels. Swine (sw) IAVs of H1N1 (including H1N1pdm09), H3N2, and H1N2 subtypes are enzootic in pigs globally, with different geographic distributions. This study investigated the genetic diversity of swIAVs detected during passive surveillance of pig farms in Northern Italy between 2017 and 2020. A total of 672 samples, IAV-positive according to RT-PCR, were subtyped by multiplex RT-PCR. A selection of strains was fully sequenced. High genotypic diversity was detected among the H1N1 and H1N2 strains, while the H3N2 strains showed a stable genetic pattern. The hemagglutinin of the H1Nx swIAVs belonged to HA-1A, HA-1B, and HA-1C lineages. Increasing variability was found in HA-1C strains with the circulation of HA-1C.2, HA-1C.2.1 and HA-1C.2.2 sublineages. Amino acid deletions in the HA-1C receptor binding site were observed and antigenic drift was confirmed. HA-1B strains were mostly represented by the Δ146-147 Italian lineage HA-1B.1.2.2, in combination with the 1990s human-derived NA gene. One antigenic variant cluster in HA-1A strains was identified in 2020. SwIAV circulation in pigs must be monitored continuously since the IAVs' evolution could generate strains with zoonotic potential.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781872 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14010047 | DOI Listing |
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