Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is characterized by formation of immune-rich granulomas in infected tissues, the architecture and composition of which are thought to affect disease outcome. However, our understanding of the spatial relationships that control human granulomas is limited. Here, we used multiplexed ion beam imaging by time of flight (MIBI-TOF) to image 37 proteins in tissues from patients with active TB. We constructed a comprehensive atlas that maps 19 cell subsets across 8 spatial microenvironments. This atlas shows an IFN-γ-depleted microenvironment enriched for TGF-β, regulatory T cells and IDO1 PD-L1 myeloid cells. In a further transcriptomic meta-analysis of peripheral blood from patients with TB, immunoregulatory trends mirror those identified by granuloma imaging. Notably, PD-L1 expression is associated with progression to active TB and treatment response. These data indicate that in TB granulomas, there are local spatially coordinated immunoregulatory programs with systemic manifestations that define active TB.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01121-x | DOI Listing |
Mol Biomed
December 2024
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Molecules in immune cells plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study is to profile the landscape of molecules on the basis of immune cells in IS peripheral blood and construct an immunoregulatory competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We collected and combined multiple public transcriptome datasets from the peripheral blood of IS patients and healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Biol Chem
December 2024
Computational Chemistry Physics Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico. Electronic address:
As cold-blooded organisms living in damp and dark environments, amphibians have evolved robust defense mechanisms to protect themselves from predators and infections. Among the wide repertoire of bioactive compounds they produce are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are required as part of innate immunity. One important class of AMPs is cathelicidins, known for their broad-spectrum activity against pathogens and their immunoregulatory roles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Autoimmun
December 2024
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. Electronic address:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic polyarthritis. It is well-established that helper T cells play crucial roles in the development and deterioration of RA. Recent studies also revealed the significant roles of regulatory T (Treg) cells in this context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
November 2024
Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Rationale: Kidney inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), yet the specific phenotypes of immune cells involved in disease progression remain incompletely understood. Utilizing joint profiling through longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATACseq) can provide a comprehensive framework for elucidating the development of cell subset diversity and how chromatin accessibility regulates transcription.
Objective: We aimed to characterize the dynamic immune cellular landscape at a high resolution in an early IgAN mouse model with acute kidney injury (AKI).
Cell Rep
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China; NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China. Electronic address:
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is critical for imparting neuropathology and altered behaviors in offspring; however, maternal-fetal immune cell populations have not been thoroughly investigated in MIA-induced autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of placental cells in both PBS- and poly(I:C)-induced MIA dams. We observed a decrease in regulatory T (Treg) cells but an increase in the M1 macrophage population at the maternal-fetal interface in MIA dams.
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