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Associations of body composition with regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure in very preterm infants. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition, specifically lean mass and fat, and brain development in very preterm infants at term equivalent age.
  • It involved 85 infants, measuring body composition through air displacement plethysmography and assessing brain structure with MRI to analyze tissue-specific brain volumes and white matter microstructure.
  • Results showed that greater lean mass was linked to larger brain volumes and better white matter microstructure, while fat mass did not show any significant associations, suggesting that lean mass is important for brain growth and maturation.

Article Abstract

Objective: To determine associations between body composition and concurrent measures of brain development including (1) Tissue-specific brain volumes and (2) White matter microstructure, among very preterm infants at term equivalent age.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Single-centre academic level III neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients: We studied 85 infants born <33 weeks' gestation.

Methods: At term equivalent age, infants underwent air displacement plethysmography to determine body composition, and brain MRI from which we quantified tissue-specific brain volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter tracts. We estimated associations of fat and lean mass Z-scores with each brain outcome, using linear mixed models adjusted for intrafamilial correlation among twins and potential confounding variables.

Results: Median gestational age was 29 weeks (range 23.4-32.9). One unit greater lean mass Z-score was associated with larger total brain volume (10.5 cc, 95% CI 3.8 to 17.2); larger volumes of the cerebellum (1.2 cc, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.9) and white matter (4.5 cc, 95% CI 0.7 to 8.3); and greater FA in the left cingulum (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1% to 0.6%), right uncinate fasciculus (0.2%, 95% CI 0.0% to 0.5%), and right posterior limb of the internal capsule (0.3%, 95% CI 0.03% to 0.6%). Fat Z-scores were not associated with any outcome.

Conclusions: Lean mass-but not fat-at term was associated with larger brain volume and white matter microstructure differences that suggest improved maturation. Lean mass accrual may index brain growth and development.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9296693PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-321653DOI Listing

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