Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a growing concern, affecting several million elderly patients each year in the United States, but strategies for its effective prevention have not yet been established. Humeidan et al. recently demonstrated that preoperative brain exercise resulted in a decrease in postoperative delirium incidence in elderly surgical patients, suggesting the potential of presurgical cognitive optimization to improve postoperative cognitive outcomes. This brief review summarizes the current knowledge regarding preoperative cognitive optimization and highlights landmark studies, as well as current ongoing studies, as the field is rapidly growing. This review further discusses the benefit of cognitive training in non-surgical elderly populations and the role of cognitive training in patients with preexisting cognitive impairment or dementia. The review also examines preclinical evidence in support of cognitive training, which can facilitate understanding of brain plasticity and the pathophysiology of PND. The literature suggests positive impacts of presurgical cognitive optimization, but further studies are encouraged to establish effective cognitive training programs for elderly presurgical patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020445 | DOI Listing |
J Prev Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1153, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Team Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 38-50 Bidborough Street, WC1H 9BT London, UK.
Background And Objectives: Primary care is often the first point of contact for patients with cognitive complaints, making initial cognitive screening an essential step to avoid delays in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early stage. We developed MemScreen, a self-administered smartphone application that assesses overall cognition and verbal memory, and evaluated its ability to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in both general and clinical populations.
Methods: We conducted two validation cohort studies: (1) UK-based Whitehall II cohort study (13th wave, 2018-2022) involving a general population (MCI defined by poor performance on a global cognitive score), and (2) five French memory clinics involving patients without dementia (amnestic MCI defined by the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test).
Background: Nurses play a pivotal role in the provision of health care for children across Africa. With limited pediatric nursing content in undergraduate nursing programs and few available pediatric postgraduate nursing programs, there is a need for additional continuing professional development opportunities to prepare nurses with the knowledge, skills, and confidence needed to care for children.
Method: To address this need, and mindful of the unique profile of potential participants, the Children's Nursing Development Unit at the University of Cape Town developed a suite of asynchronous short online courses.
PLoS One
January 2025
Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Background: Cold-water immersion (CWI) has gained popularity as a health and wellbeing intervention among the general population.
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the psychological, cognitive, and physiological effects of CWI in healthy adults.
Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized trials involving healthy adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing acute or long-term CWI exposure via cold shower, ice bath, or plunge with water temperature ≤15°C for at least 30 seconds.
JMIR Serious Games
January 2025
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Optus Chair Digital Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Background: This review explores virtual reality (VR) and exercise simulator-based interventions for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Past research indicates that both VR and simulator-based interventions enhance cognitive functions, such as executive function and memory, though their impacts on attention vary.
Objective: This study aimed to contribute to the ongoing scientific discourse on integrating technology-driven interventions into the management and evaluation of ADHD.
Pain
January 2025
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Music has long been recognized as a noninvasive and cost-effective means of reducing pain. However, the selection of music for pain relief often relies on intuition rather than on a scientific understanding of the impact of basic musical attributes on pain perception. This study examines how a fundamental element of music-tempo-affects its pain-relieving properties.
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