Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Prebiotic Potential of and Its Extracts Using Selected Bacterial Members of the Pig Gastrointestinal Microbiota.

and its extracts are promising antibacterial and prebiotic dietary supplements for pigs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the increasing concentrations of: (1) two whole biomass samples of with different harvest seasons, February (ANWB-F) and November (ANWB-N), in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay, and (2) extracts produced using four different extraction conditions of a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (ANE1-4) and conventional extraction methods with water (ANWE) and ethanol (ANEE) as solvent in individual pure culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains. In the batch fermentation assay, ANWB-F reduced spp. counts ( < 0.05) while ANWB-N increased total bacterial counts and reduced spp. and counts ( < 0.05). Of the ANE1-4, produced from ANWB-F, ANWE and ANEE that were evaluated in the pure culture growth assays, the most interesting extracts were the ANE1 that reduced Typhimurium, enterotoxigenic and counts and the ANE4 that stimulated growth ( < 0.05). In conclusion, the extraction method and conditions influenced the bioactivities of the extracts with ANE1 and ANE4 exhibiting distinct antibacterial and prebiotic properties in vitro, respectively, that merit further exploration.